Introduction Human’s resource-intensive lifestyle has significantly contributed to air pollution and climate change since the industrial revolution by heat-trapping gases and adding more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere (IPCC, 1996; 2001; 2007a). Human needs are imposing negative externalities on the environment. Emerging patterns of economic growth and structure of the
Introduction A sustainable city addresses social, economic and environmental concerns. Their creation is led through the inclusion of eco-friendly programs and initiatives that create environmentally conscious, physical alternatives to city infrastructure. This article is divided into three sections. The first section highlights 3 cities that are green and have well
Introduction The evolution of cities today has led to the development of dead edges. This is causing a reduction in the activity levels of the built environment. As a response, cities offset more development to make up for this, leading to city expansion, called urbanization. Urbanization may lead to by-products
Introduction Humans are urban and social beings that structure spaces. Accordingly, space and urbanisation have fundamental relations with human thoughts that lead to philosophy (Qorbani, 2015). The first part of this article explains sustainable urbanism in detail along with its evolution and principles. The second part of this article highlights
Introduction The growing population globally is one of the leading causes of the increasing demand for resources. The rise in the population of cities indicates that by 2050, 70 per cent of the global population will live in cities. This increasing population will raise the demand and dependency on ample
Sustainable Cities The development of the term Urban design took place in 1953 from the earlier known term ‘Civic Design’, which originated in the 1900s. The term emerges from the Latin word ‘urbs’, which means a city. The concept focuses on creating solutions while maintaining a relationship with the public
