Mental mapping refers to the cognitive process of creating a mental representation of a physical space, such as an urban environment. In urban design, mental mapping is important because it affects how people perceive and navigate through a city. Mental maps help individuals form mental images of their surroundings and provide a sense of orientation and familiarity with the environment. Good urban design should aim to create a clear and legible mental map for inhabitants, making it easier for them to navigate and understand the city. This can be achieved through various design elements, such as creating clear boundaries, visible landmarks, and a hierarchy of streets and spaces.

One of the key elements in creating a legible mental map is the creation of clear boundaries. This can be achieved through the use of physical elements such as walls, fences, or even changes in ground level. Clear boundaries help individuals understand the limits of a space and provide a sense of structure and organization. They also help create distinct areas within the city, making it easier for individuals to understand and navigate.

Visible landmarks are another important aspect of mental mapping in urban design. Landmarks serve as reference points that individuals can use to orient themselves and navigate through the environment. They can be physical structures such as buildings, monuments, or statues, or they can be more abstract, such as parks or plazas. Visible landmarks help individuals form a mental image of their surroundings and provide a sense of familiarity with the environment.